8个佳娜丽系列杏品种种子特征及成苗特性研究

Study on Seedlings and Seed Characteristics of 8 Apricot Collections of Jianali

【目的】研究对杏品种佳娜丽系列种子特征、发芽及成苗特性,为杏新品种选育奠定基础。【方法】选取‘佳娜丽’系列8个品种,测定种子形态特征、发芽率、播种出苗率、成苗率及幼苗的生长动态。【结果】8个品种种子核侧径、核横径、核重、壳厚、仁侧径、仁横径之间的差异明显,核与仁的纵径、仁重、出仁率的差异较小,其中种壳最薄、出仁率较高的是木孜佳娜丽。种子层积60 d后有4个品种发芽率大于50%,发芽率最高的为木孜佳娜丽,索格佳娜丽发芽率为0。播种成苗率较高的是木孜佳娜丽和中熟佳娜丽。脆佳娜丽种子的出土时间较早,且出苗整齐。在脆佳娜丽、晚熟佳娜丽、佳娜丽、中熟佳娜丽、木孜佳娜丽和牙布拉克佳娜丽6个成苗品种中,以中熟佳娜丽生长势较强。【结论】佳娜丽系列的8个品种种子均呈椭圆形,核表面较光滑,仁甜,出仁率都较高;不同品种间种子形态特征差异较大;发芽率、出苗率、成苗率之间相差也较大,同时,发芽率高的品种成苗率也高;不同品种幼苗的生长存在差异。

【Objective】The characteristics of apricot collections of Jianali seeds and formation of germination and seedling were studied to develop a base for new generation selections. 【Method】The characteristics of seed,germination rate,seedling emergence rate,seedling rate and the seedling growth of 8 apricot groups of Jianali were measured. 【Result】The longitudinal diameter and diameter of fruit nutlet,nutlet weight,shell thickness,longitudinal diameter and diameter of kernel were different among the 8 collections of apricot seeds.But there were little differences among the longitudinal diameter of nutlet and kernel,weight of kernel and percentage of kernel. The variety that had thinnest seed shell and higher percentage of kernel was Muzijianali. 4varieties germination rates were higher than 50% among the 8 varieties after being stratified 60 days,the highest germination rate was Muzijianali,Suogejianali did not germinate during the experiment;the higher seedling rate of the collections of Jianali were Zhongshuijianali and Muzijianali; the seed of Cuijianali germinated early and well;The Zhongshujianali growth was more vigorous in 6 apricot collections of seedling including Cuijianali Wanshujianali Jianali Zhongshujianali Muzijianali Yabulakejianali.【Conclusion】The seeds of 8 apricot collections of Jianali were oval shaped and had a smooth surface. They all had high kernel percentage and sweet ker-nel;The seed characteristics,germination rate of seeds,seedling emergence rate,and seedling rate were obviously different among the varieties. Meanwhile the variety with the highest percentage of germination had the best quality of seedling and there were great different in the seedling growth among the apricot collections of Jianali.