吉尔吉斯斯坦费尔干纳谷地苜蓿种植与土壤肥力研究

Analysis of planting alfalfa and soil fertility in Fergana Valley,Kyrgyzstan

【目的】分析吉尔吉斯斯坦共和国（以下简称吉国）费尔干纳谷地种植苜蓿对土壤肥力的影响。【方法】收集文献资料及实地调研分析。【结果】费尔干纳谷地具有种植紫花苜蓿得天独厚的条件,每年可刈割4~5茬,鲜草产量在75 t/hm2以上,苜蓿刈割后还田生物量（干重）约84×103~201×103kg/hm2,总氮含量达300~400 kg/hm2,耕层土壤孔隙度增加到54.1%,通气孔隙增加到15.4%,且土壤粒径〉0.25 mm的水稳性团聚体的含量随苜蓿生长年限的增加而递增。【结论】种植苜蓿改善了费尔干纳谷地的土壤理化特性,是提高土壤肥力的有效途径,为费尔干纳谷地发展苜蓿产业化提供有力的理论依据。

【Objective】In order to study effects of planting alfalfa on soil fertility in Fergana Valley of Kyrgyzstan.【Method】based on collecting literature data and field investigation.【Result】It shown that exceptional conditions for planting alfalfa in Fergana Valley,cutting alfalfa 4 ~ 5 times annually,yield above 75 t/hm2 per year,root biomass 84 × 103~ 201 × 103 kg/hm2,N concentration 300 ~400 kg/hm2,Soil porosity54. 1% and non-capillary porosity 15. 4%. The contents of 0. 25 mm water-stable aggregates were enhanced with increase of planting alfalfa years.【Conclusion】These reveal that planting alfalfa can effectively improve soils in Fergana Valley and is an effective way to improve soil fertility.