商业诋毁的实施主体探究——基于案例的分析

The Subject of Commercial Defamation——Analysis on Cases

商业诋毁已成为"中国式商战特征之一"。相关立法起草时,由于立法者自身智识的局限性,法律将商业诋毁限定在竞争对手之间。但近年来,司法实务中对非竞争关系的经营者、媒体、消费者、律师事务所、行业协会等主体也要求承担商誉诋毁的责任。国外立法也多有取消竞争对手的限制。商业诋毁本质是侵犯商主体信用权的行为,立法将其囊括在名誉权中进行保护的做法明显忽视其财产属性。我国应在民法通则中规定民事主体信用权,商主体信用权则由商业诋毁条款保护,以期能完善商誉保护体系,从而有效避免司法实务的困境。

Commercial defamation has become one of the characteristics of Chinese-style commercial wars.The subject in such cases is defined as the parties in competition .Lately,sub-jects in non-competing relationships are included such as operators ,media,consumers,law of-fice,and business association .Some laws in foreign countries have cancelled the restriction to components in competition .Commercial defamation,in nature,infringes subjects ’ credit right, and hence the property nature would be ignored if it is included in the case of reputation right abuse .The credit right of civil subjects should be defined in the general rule of civil law ,while commercial subjects ’ credit tight should be protected with the clauses of business discrediting .