从词中用典看晁补之的贬谪心态兼与苏轼比较

Seeing the Relegation Mentality of Chao Buzhi and Comparing with Su Shi from the Frequently-used Allusions

晁补之在贬谪生涯的不同时期,词中的常用典故有一个递擅更迭的过程:刘禹锡之典代表着贬谪初期的悲伤忧虑及高洁不屈;中期阮籍之典反映其忧虑无端、力图忘情世事;到后期李广之典表达怀才不遇、终老此生的牢骚,陶渊明则是困境中的精神疗治,是借以自遣的情感托寄。虽然都效慕陶渊明,但晁补之却与苏轼不同:苏轼慕陶,是貌未必同,神理合一,是基于形而上的人生价值与意义的终极追寻;晁补之慕陶,是形貌俱似,而神理有别,是借陶来发舒己心之郁结,重在环境景物的取貌以及躬耕处境的摹写,在人生的理解与追问,在所达到的生命高度上,晁补之实难窥其项背。

The frequently-used allusions in the Ci of Chao Buzhi change a lot with different times of his demotion life. Liu Yuxi＇ s allusions represents the beginning of relegation worries and noble unyielding grief; Ruan Ji＇s reflects his concerns groundless and indifferent; Li Guang＇s expresses unrecognized talents and death in discontents, Tao Yuanming＇s is the treatment of mental distress and emotional care. Although both Chao and Su are Mu Tao, there are differences between them. Su Shi＇s allusion is not necessarily in the same appearance but based on the same value and meaning of life metaphysical ultimate pursuit; Chao＇s allusion is all like morphology, focusing on environmental scene. But in the understanding of life and inquiring of life and reaching the height of life, Chao is unable to keep pace with Su Shi.