论《史记》的反言笔法

On the Reverse Speech Writing in Shi Ji

在当前建构本土化中国文学理论和批评话语的呼声日益增强的形势下,采用古代文法理论的概念、范畴,借鉴其思维方式和言说方式,无疑是深化中国古代文章研究的有效突破口;借用中国古代文法理论中的"反言"概念及其蕴含的理论观点,细致分析《史记》的隐微写作技巧,就可以说明这一点。《史记》中的一些篇章之所以长期被人误解,一个重要的原因就是反言笔法的运用,使文章产生了隐微幽曲的效果。《史记》的反言笔法是在评论文字与叙事本身所蕴含的真实意旨之间的矛盾和张力中体现出来的。通过分析《史记》反言笔法而获得的两点启示是:一,从中国古代文章学的视角出发,运用中国古代文法理论对《史记》进行文章学细读,是准确理解《史记》真实意旨的一条有效途径;二,中国古代文法理论不仅是推进中国古代文章研究回归文本本身、深化文本细读的重要理论方法,而且也是建构本土化中国文学理论的一种重要理论资源。

Under the current trend of constructing autochthonous literary theory and critical speech, using the concept and category as well as borrowing ideas from ancient Chinese writing theory is undoubtedly an effective sally port for deepening the study of ancient Chinese articles. It is approved by analyzing the cryptic writing skills in Shi Ji with reverse speech concept and theoretical points of ancient Chinese writing theory. Some sections and chapters in Shi Ji were misunderstood for a long time because of the reverse speech writing, which results in the cryptic effect. The reverse speech writing in Shi Ji was embodied in the conflict and tension of the words and their implicit meanings. Through analyzing the reverse speech writing in Shi Ji, we can get two inspirations. One is To read Shi Ji by using the ancient Chinese writing theory from the perspective of Chinese ancient article study is an effective way. The other is that ancient Chinese article theory is important in making the Chinese ancient article study return to the close textual reading, but also it is an important theoretical resource for constructing the autochthonous Chinese literary theory.