2012年莱西市奶牛布鲁氏菌病血清学调查和风险因素分析

Serological Investigation and Risk analysis of Dairy Cow Brucellosisin Laixi of Qingdao

[目的 ]估计莱西市奶牛布鲁氏菌病的流行率和地理分布,分析奶牛养殖场间布鲁氏菌病的传播风险因素。[方法 ]对莱西市1803个养殖户30119头应检奶牛,全部采样,采用虎红平板凝集和试管凝集垂直试验,同时开展奶牛布鲁氏菌病问卷调查。利用GIS、Epi Infor TM 7和SPASS软件,开展横断面研究和case-control研究,分析莱西市奶牛布鲁氏菌病阳性场户的空间分布、布鲁氏菌病流行率和养殖场间的风险因素分析。[结果 ]莱西市布鲁氏菌病的场户血清流行率是2.55%,个体血清流行率为0.38%;单因素分析发现存栏量、养殖模式、养殖环境、是否有专用产犊场地、挤奶方式、运奶方式、粪污是否分开处理、是否使用机械处理粪便等8个因素与奶牛布鲁氏菌病发生有一定关系(p<0.2);多因素logistic回归分析表明,存栏量少(10只以下)(OR=4.58,95%CI:1.87-11.23,p=0.001)和散养户集中村饲养(OR=2.21,95%CI:1.05-4.63,p=0.036)与该病发生相关。

Objective] To evaluate the brucellosis prevalence in dairy cows,to describe brucellosis distribution and to identify risk factors of brucellosis transmission between dairy farms in Laixi of Qingdao. [Method] All the un-pregnant cows over the age of 3 months in 1803 dairy farms were sampled. Bengal rose plate test and tube agglutination test were used to examine the serum samples. GIS,Epi Inform TM 7 and SPASS software were used to describe the distribu-tion of brucellosis and identify the risk factors. [Result] The individual prevalence of brucellosis was 0.38% and the herd prevalence was 2.55%. Single factor analysis revealed that there were eight factors associated with brucellosis case （p＆lt;0.2） including the herd size,farming pattern,feeding environment,special birth shed,way of milking,way of milk transportation,separation of feces and sewage and mechanical handling of feces. The logistic multi-factor re-gression analysis showed that the herd size less than 10 cows（OR = 2.21 [1.05-4.63]） and free ranging farming（OR= 4.67 [1.86-11.22]） were associated with brucellosis transmission between herds in Laixi.