养殖环境细菌微生物气溶胶粒径分布及其健康危害评估

The Size Distrition and Health Risk Assessment of Microbe Bacterial Aerosol in Livestock and Poultry House

为深入了解畜禽舍环境中气载细菌微生物的空气动力学粒径分布规律,并评估其潜在的健康危害风险,采用Andersen-6级微生物空气采样器以血-琼脂培养基、沙氏培养基和高氏合成1号培养基为采样介质,对鸡舍、猪舍、牛舍环境中空气样品进行系统定点取样、测定及分析。研究结果表明,鸡舍环境中气载需氧菌含量最高,猪舍次之,牛舍最低;空气细菌粒径分布均为第Ⅰ级最高,鸡舍空气粒径呈偏态分布,牛舍、猪舍分别在第Ⅲ级和第Ⅳ级出现第2个峰值。携带细菌可吸入微粒在猪舍环境中比例最大。空气真菌与放线菌均在第Ⅳ级最高,携带真菌和放线菌可吸入粒子的比例显著大于细菌(P<0.05)。鸡舍、猪舍、牛舍空气微生物粒径各级分布比例基本一致。在鸡舍、猪舍、牛舍每天约有6.1×105CFU、4.7×104CFU和3.6×104CFU气载细菌微生物可分别进入人和动物小支气管或直接进入肺泡,从而对人和动物健康构成潜在危害。

In order to determine the size distribution of aerodynamic particles of bacterial microbe in livestock and poultry house,and to evaluate the potential health threats,air samples were collected systematically at fixed points by Andersen six stages air sampler,using blood agar medium,Sabouraud agar medium and Gause’s synthetic agar medium no.1 in chicken,pig and cow houses,and tested and analyzed for microbe aerosol size distribution. The re-sults showed that bacterial aerosol in livestock and poultry houses were mostly distributed in stage I. Bacterial aerosol appeared skew distribution in chicken house. The second peak appeared in stageⅢ andⅣ separately in cow and pig houses. The inhalable particles carrying bacteria in chicken house accounted the maximum proportion. The highest dis-tribution peak of fungus aerosol and actinomycetes aerosol appeared in stageⅣ. The ration of fungi and actionomycetes carried by inhalable particles were significantly higher than bacteria（P〈0.05）. The microbe aerosol size distribution proportions were basically identical at all stages. About 6.1×10^5CFU、4.7×10^4CFU and 3.6×10^4CFU airborne aerobic bacteria in livestock and poultry house could be inhaled into the small bronchia or even directly invaded into alveoli, posing potential threats to human and animals health.