引发小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病禾谷镰孢菌的生物防治初探

Biocontrol of Wheat Fusarium Head Blight and Fusarium Crown Rot Caused by Fusarium graminearum

禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)是小麦上的重要病原真菌。通过致病性测定从江苏小麦茎基腐病病害样本分离菌中筛选到了对小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病都有强致病力的F.graminearum菌株GF1117。为了对F.graminearum进行生物防治,利用稀释涂布平板法和平板对峙法从小麦不同生境中分离筛选到35株对GF1117具有明显拮抗效果的细菌菌株,分别在田间和温室进行了小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病的生物防治试验。结果表明,35株拮抗细菌对小麦赤霉病均有一定的防治效果,且在小麦感病品种和中抗品种上对茎基腐病的防效不同;菌株1-8对两种病害的防效都在45%以上。

Fusarium graminearumis an important pathogenic fungus in wheat,which caused Fusari umhead blight and Fusariumroot rot in wheat.F.graminearum GF1117,isolated from wheat crown rot stems collected from Jiangsu province was demonstrated to cause serious head blight and crown rot in wheat with pathogenicity test.To biocontrol F.graminearum,35antagonistic bacterial strains against F.graminearum were isolated and screened from different habitats of wheat through dilute and spread plate method and dual culture method.Then bacterial strains with obvious antagonisticity were tested in field and greenhouse to find the best strains for controlling F.graminearum.The 35bacterial strains all demonstrated the capability to control Fusarium head blight in wheat to some extent, whereas the biocontrol efficiencies were different in Fusariumroot rot experiment with susceptible and moderately resistant wheat varieties.Among them,strain 1-8displayed good biocontrol efficiencies with more than 45%in controlling these two diseases in wheat.