中国小麦条锈菌毒性变异研究进展

Research Progress on Virulence Variation of Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici in China

由小麦条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis Westend.f.sp.tritici Eriks.)引起的小麦条锈病是影响世界小麦生产的严重病害,具有传播范围广、流行频率强等特点。条锈菌毒性变异一直是小麦条锈病防治与研究中的重大难题。我国小麦条锈菌毒性变异研究可追溯到20世纪50年代,在过去的60多年中已开展了大量比较深入的研究工作。本文从小麦条锈菌生理小种种类及其鉴定方法、小麦品种及环境与条锈菌毒性变异的关系、毒性变异途径及变异速率等方面介绍了我国的研究概况。同时,深入探讨了条锈菌生理小种概念的内涵及存在的问题,提出了急需开展研究的条锈菌毒性变异监测体系、有性过程导致的毒性变异在条锈病流行中的作用等问题。

Wheat stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.f.sp.tritici Eriks.（PST）,is a serious disease on wheat with characteristics of wide transmission and high frequency epidemic which is affecting the wheat production all over the world.It is still a major problem to all the researchers around the world to understand the virulence variation of PST on control and study of wheat stripe rust.The study of virulence variation of PST in China can be traced back in the 1950s.In the past more than 60years,many researches had been done.Here,the researches overview on race types and their identification method of PST,the relationship between virulence variation and wheat cultivar or environment,virulence variation ways,and virulence variation rate in China were introduced.At the same time,the concept connotation of physiological race of PST and relative problems were discussed. The emergency problems on monitoring system of the virulence variation of PST and the functions of virulence variation caused by sexual procedure of PST to the epidemic of wheat stripe rust.