固定无偿献血志愿者库的建立及招募体系的研究

Study on the fixed establishment of an archive on volunteers of voluntary blood donation and an recruitment system

目的探讨广西地区固定无偿献血志愿者库的建立及招募体系存在的问题与应对策略。方法通过问卷调查及资料回顾的方式了解广西无偿献血工作及志愿者招募体系,选取广西某一献血点2010年1月～2012年12月街头无偿献血者的相关资料进行分析,并随机抽取300名献血者进行问卷调查,了解无偿献血者对血液生理知识、献血经历、心态及动机、献血知识信息来源及对献血的认可度。同时根据问卷调查结果,提出关于广西无偿献血志愿者招募体系建立的方法和对策。结果近3年无偿献血的比例在逐渐增加,其中街头志愿参与无偿献血的认识逐年上升,2010年为40.2%、2012年为60.13%。通过问卷调查发现,2012年夏季7、8月及冬季1、2月街头献血人数急剧减少。大专及以上学历的学生是街头献血的主力群体,其所占比例最高。献血者大部分为首次献血者,献血量400 m L者所占比例较大（32.8%）。献血者对血液知识了解情况为一般,献血知识来源于街头宣教的比例较高（27.3%）。此外,对于献血间隔期满的献血者在一年内如连续收到超过3次骚扰他的信息或电话,随访者则出现反感的心态。结论建立无偿献血者献血招募队伍,对缓解临床用血紧张具有重要的意义及作用。

Objective To investigate the problems and coping strategies in the fixed establishment of an archive on volunteers of voluntary blood donation and the recruitment system in Guangxi region. Methods Surveys and retrospective data review and analysis were conducted to understand the voluntary blood donation system and the recruitment of volunteers in Guangxi. A donation site from January 2010 to December 2012 in Guangxi was selected,from which the information of the volunteer blood donors was analyzed. Among these volunteers,300 were randomly chosen to conduct a survey on their knowledge on the biological basis of blood,their blood donation experience,their attitudes and motivations,their sources of information on blood donation,and their acceptance on blood donation. Meanwhile,based on the survey results collected in Guangxi,methods and strategies for volunteer recruitment system were suggested and established. Results Data showed that in nearly three years in Guangxi province,the proportion of voluntary blood donation has seen a gradual increase every year. From 2010 to2012,the proportion of voluntary blood donors increased from 40. 2% to 60. 13%. The survey results demonstrated that the number of volunteer blood donors had drastically reduced in the summer months and the winter months of 2012. The highest proportion of volunteer blood donors were comprised of university students and those receiving higher education. Most donors were first- time blood donors,with each donating approximately 400 m L（ 32. 8%）. Blood donors demonstrated general knowledge on blood. Their source of information and knowledge on blood donation mostly derived from street advertisements（ 27. 3%）. In addition,if blood donors had received more than three times of phone calls or messages on blood donation in one year,they would develop adverse feelings on donating blood again. Conclusion Establishment and recruitment of a voluntary blood donor force are important and significant to alleviate the tension in clinical blood usage.