剧体诗用:明清之际写心剧的创作特性及其成因

Applying Poetry to Drama:Creative Features and Causes for Psychological Drama in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期一部分文人作家为有效进行个人情志表达而以诗言志的思路和手法利用了剧体,此之谓"剧体诗用",并因此对剧体作了改造。但这一剧体的改造并不是戏曲发展变革上的改造,而是文人诗心为了适合个人表意目的而对剧体的利用。要认识这类剧作的面貌和价值,不应只把它们放在戏曲发展史上来考察,看到它们是对戏曲的变体,还应把它们放在诗歌发展史上来考察,看到文人在诗言志传统上对剧体的主动利用。写心剧是文人个人表意立场上的"剧体诗用",而不是戏曲编演立场上的"剧体剧用"。

In Ming and Qing dynasties, some literati applied poetical thinking and techniques to drama so as to effec- tively express their own emotions. This did bring some changes ; however, it was not a reform of drama. To recognize the features and value of this kind of drama, we should not only consider it as the drama variant from the perspective of drama development history, but also consider it as an active usage by literati from the perspective of poetry history. Psychological drama is a poetical drama ascribed to literati, and it aims to expressing individual emotions but not aims to performing on stage.