我国核电关联产业发展现状及对策分析

Nuclear Power-related Industries in China Today and Countermeasures

核电建设需要核电关联产业的配套服务,两者相互依赖。核电关联产业是为核能发电提供要素保障的产业与由核能发电带动发展的产业形成的产业链,各产业之间存在技术、产品、资金、组织等经济联系,具体包括核燃料生产、核电装备五大板块的制造、技术研发、工程和设备设计、运行维护、教育培训、建设安装、核技术应用、核电文化旅游等以及与这些领域相关的产业,涵盖第二产业、第三产业。我国核电关联产业已在浙江、广东、江苏、上海、四川、东北三省六个区域形成了一定的集聚现象,但综合实力偏弱。从核电关联产业链、产业集聚、管理机构三个方面对六个区域核电关联产业的发展现状进行分析比较,发现存在核电关联产业链环节缺失和各环节关联程度弱、产业集聚度低、缺乏机构管理等问题。建议采取明晰国家层面核电关联产业布局,加大科研投入、重视科研体制创新,构建团体合作的产业组织模式,加强中介服务网络,鼓励民企加入等措施优化我国核电关联产业组织。

Nuclear power construction needs nuclear power-related industries to provide supporting services and they are dependent on each other.The nuclear power-related industries serve as an industrial chain formed by industries providing support elements to the nuclear power industry as well as those industries resulting from nuclear power production.These industries are related to each other in terms of technology,products, funds, organization, etc.Specifically, these industries cover nuclear fuel production, nuclear power equipment manufacturing,technical research and development,engineering and equipment design,operation maintenance ,educa tion and training,construction and installation,nuclear technology application and nuclear power cultural tourism as well as other sectors related to these industries.These industries cover both the second and third indus tries.There has been an accumulation of capacities of nuclear power-related industries in Zhejiang,Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shanghai ,Sichuan and northeast China although these capacities as a whole remain weak.This article analyzes and compares the industrial chains ,industry accumulations and regulatory agencies of nuclear power- related industries in the above six regions and identifies some problems such as missing links of the industrial chains of nuclear power-related industries ,weak correlation between different links ,low degree of accumulation of industries and a lack of organizational management.The article suggests optimizing the organizations of nuclear power-related industries by planning the distribution of capacities of nuclear power-related industries at the national level,increasing investments in scientific research ,strengthening innovations in the scientific research system,developing a mode of industrial organization featuring teamwork ,strengthening the role of agent service networks and encouraging private investments.