关于规范钻井液处理剂及钻井液体系的认识

Understanding of Standardizing Drilling Fluid Additives and Drilling Fluid System

自上世纪70年代以来,我国钻井液技术逐步趋于成熟,与国外的差距日渐缩小。特别是近年来,围绕高温、高压地层以及强水敏地层、页岩气水平井的需要,在超高温钻井液、超高密度钻井液、页岩气水平井钻井液、油基钻井液等方面又有了新进展。但在钻井液处理剂和钻井液体系规范方面还存在问题,如在命名方面,钻井液处理剂任意编代号,随便起名字,钻井液体系缺乏主题和依据,有时仅仅加入了很小量的某种处理剂,就称"某钻井液体系";标准方面,因制定中缺乏实验和应用依据,多数行业标准系由企业标准转化而来,标准中缺少表征产品本质特征的项目及指标,通用性不强;加之高纯度、高质量产品推广受到价格限制,不同程度上制约了钻井液技术的发展。从钻井液处理剂和钻井液两方面提出规范思路。基于实验和分析认为,处理剂规范应从分类、命名、指标设置和实验方法等方面出发,以保证命名的科学性和标准的准确性与适用性。在钻井液体系方面,基于处理剂、标准、质量控制和钻井液性能间的关系,提出钻井液体系的命名原则,明确了钻井液技术规范、钻井液体系或工艺规范应包括的内容。

Since the 1970＇s,drilling fluid technology in China has gradually become mature with gradually narrow gap between foreign countries.Especially in recent years,ultra high temperature drilling fluid,ultra high density drilling fluid,horizontal well drilling fluid for the shale gas and oil base drilling fluid and so on have made new progresses to meet the needs of high temperature and high pressure formations and strong water sensitive formations and horizontal wells for the shale gas.But there are some problems of standardizing drilling fluid additives and drilling fluid system.The drilling fluid additives are coded and named at random. The drilling fluid system lacks theme and basis.For example,sometimes certain drilling fluid system is called for few additives adding.In respect of standards,most industry standards are transformed from enterprise standards of the factory due to lack of experimental and applied basis.The industry standards are not universal because of lacking of project and the index of characterizing the essential features of the product.And the products with high purity and high quality are hard to be popularized due to the price.These all restrict the development of the drilling fluid technology.Two aspects of the drilling fluid additives and drilling fluid should be standardized.The additives specification should be made on classification,name,index and test method so as to ensure the scientific name and accuracy and applicability of the standards based on the experiments and analysis.In the aspect of drilling fluid system,the principle of naming drilling fluid system is proposed based on the relationship among the additives,standard,quality control and the performance of drilling fluid.The technical specification for the drilling fluid ,the contents of the drilling fluid system or process specification is made clear.