深圳市15岁以上居民尿碘水平及其影响因素分析

Urinary iodine levels and its influencing factors among residents over age of 15 years in Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市15岁以上居民碘营养状况及影响尿碘水平的因素，评估居民碘营养状况。方法采用整群随机抽样方法，于2009年在深圳市共抽取73个社区，入户调查15岁以上居民8152人，采集其晨尿并进行尿碘水平检测，用食物频率法评估碘摄入量。结果人群尿碘范围为9．65～4039．09μg／L，尿碘中位数为194．59μg／L；尿碘水平〈50μg／L者占2．49％，〈100μg／L者占12．12％，100～200μg／L者占40．16％，200—300μg／L者占26．94％，≥300μg／L者占20．78％；男女间尿碘水平差异有统计学意义（P=0．0001），男性尿碘中位数（201．32μg／L）略高于推荐适宜范围；各年龄组尿碘中位数（186．59～197．44μg／L）均处于推荐适宜范围，各组差异无统计学意义，但各组尿碘中位数随年龄增大呈下降趋势；每日碘摄入量、性别、饮酒在有序多因素Logistic回归分析中差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论深圳市居民碘营养状况良好，低碘和高碘人群仍然存在，特别是碘摄入超足量和过量的人群比率占47．72％，需要加强监测，进一步探索尿碘水平较高的原因，采取相应的防控措施，使人群碘营养水平适宜。

Objective To understand the status of iodine nutrition and the affective factors of urinary iodine concentration among residents over age of 15 years in Shenzhen City. Methods Totally 8152 residents from 73 communities were selected with stratified cluster random sampling. The morning urinary iodine was determined and the dietary assessment of iodine using a food frequency questionnaire were carried out. Results The range of urinary iodine was 9.65 - 4039.09 p,g/L and the median of urinary iodine was 194.59 μg/L among the residents. The percentages of the residents with urinary iodine 〈 50,50 - 100,100 - 199,200 -300, and≥300μg/L were 2.49% , 12. 12% ,40. 16% , 26.94% and 20.78% , respectively. There was significant difference in the medians of iodine between different gender （P = 0. 0001 ）, the medians of urinary iodine of men （201.32 μg/L） was slightly higher. There was no significant difference in urinary iodine levels （ 186.59 - 197.44 μg/L） among all age groups, the medians of urinary iodine of allage groups were within the recommended adequate intake. Along with the increase in age, the medians of urinary iodine of all age groups was gradually decreased. Sex, alcohol consumption and daily dietary iodine intake was significant in the final regression model. Conclusion The iodine nutrition of residents in Shenzhen City was in good condition, populations with low or high iodine still exist. The monitoring is needed and the influencing factors of the urine iodine levels need much exploration.