某汽车制造企业流动工人职业紧张及精神卫生状况调查

Survey on occupational stress and mental health status of migrant workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise

目的调查分析汽车制造行业流动工人的职业紧张及精神卫生状况。方法采用整群抽样的方法选择广州市某大型汽车制造企业工龄在6个月以上的流动工人423人作为流动组,同时选择本地户籍工人687人作为对照组,采用《职业紧张问卷》和《Goldberg’s普通健康问卷》对2组工人的职业紧张和精神卫生状况进行问卷调查,分析两者关系及其影响因素。结果除自主程度外,流动组工人职业紧张的工作要求、社会支持维度的条目平均得分和3个维度总得分均高于对照组工人[(4.25±1.42)vs(3.71±1.29)分,(3.89±0.88)vs(2.38±0.75)分,(80.70±16.83)vs(64.50±15.42)分,P<0.01];流动组工人精神卫生状况总得分高于对照组工人[(22.22±7.56)vs(20.16±6.99)分,P<0.01]。2组工人职业紧张总得分与精神卫生状况总得分均呈正相关关系(相关系数分别为0.521、0.328,P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,流动工人职业紧张的主要影响因素为工龄和年龄;精神卫生状况异常的主要影响因素为职业紧张和工龄。结论流动工人职业紧张和精神卫生状况异常检出率较高,工龄越长、年龄越大的流动工人表现尤为突出。职业紧张对精神卫生状况存在影响。应加强对流动工人特别是存在职业紧张者的心理干预和健康教育,以改善其精神卫生状况。

Objective To study the status of occupational stress and mental health of migrant workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise. Methods Totally 423 migrant workers were selected in an automobile manufacturing enterprise using cluster sampling method as the flow group,and 687 local household registration workers were selected as the control group. Two groups were investigated by occupational stress and mental health questionnaire. Results Except for autono-mous degree dimension,the item average scores of work-requirement dimension and social-support dimension,and the total score of the three dimensions of occupational stress in flow group were higher than those of the control group[（4. 25 ± 1. 42） vs（3. 71 ± 1. 29）,（3. 89 ± 0. 88）vs（2. 38 ± 0. 75）,（80. 70 ± 16. 83）vs（64. 50 ± 15. 42）,P〈0. 01]. The total score of mental health in flow group was higher than that of the control group[（ 22. 22 ± 7. 56 ）vs（ 20. 16 ± 6. 99 ）,P〈0. 01]. The occupational stress and mental health score in two groups showed a positive correlation（P〈0. 01）. Logistic regression analysis showed that the impact factors of occupational stress of migrant workers were length of service and age. The impact factors of mental health of migrant workers were occupational stress and length of service. Conclusion Migrant workersˊoccupational stress and mental health abnormal detection rate were relatively high,especially those with older age and longer length of service. Mental intervention and health education should be strengthened for migrant workers particu-larly those with occupational stress,to improve their mental health conditions.