某建筑陶瓷厂粉尘危害调查分析

Survey and analysis on dust hazards in an architectural ceramics factory

目的：分析建筑陶瓷粉尘对作业工人的职业健康危害。方法选择某建筑陶瓷厂885名粉尘作业工人为接尘组，以195名非粉尘作业工人为对照组，对2组人员进行职业健康检查，结合工作场所空气中粉尘测定结果进行分析。结果该陶瓷厂工作场所陶瓷粉尘中游离二氧化硅（SiO2）质量分数为21.1％-38.0％（28.3±6.5）％。总粉尘时间加权平均浓度（CTWA）为0.10-8.20 mg/m3，超标率28.95％（11/38），最高超过职业接触限值7.2倍；呼吸性粉尘CTWA为0.10-1.79 mg/m3，超标率为18.42％（7/38），最高超过职业接触限值1.6倍。接尘组诊断陶工尘肺6例（壹期5例，贰期1例），检出率为0.68％。粉尘作业禁忌证检出率为1.69％（15/885）。接尘组肺通气功能异常检出率高于对照组（9.60％ vs 2.56％，P〈0.01）。接尘组工人心电图异常率高于对照组（8.81％ vs 1.54％，P〈0.01）。结论建筑陶瓷粉尘对作业工人健康危害较为严重。有关企业应加强对粉尘危害的控制工作，保护工人健康。

Objective To investigate and analyze the occupational health hazards of architectural ceramics dust to workers. Methods Totally 885 workers exposed to architectural ceramics dust were selected as the exposed group,while 195 non-exposed workers were selected as the control group in an architectural ceramics factory,and occupational health inspection was carried out,and the content of dust in the air of workplace was also measured and analyzed. Results The content of free silica in ceramic dust reached to 21. 5%-38. 0%（28. 3 ± 6. 5）%. The total dust concentration-time weighted average （CTWA）reached to 0. 10-8. 20 mg/m3,exceeding the standard rate of 28. 95%（11/38）,and the highest total dust CTWA was more than 7. 2 times of the permissible concentration-time weighted average（ PC-TWA,1. 00 mg/m3 ）;respirable dust CTWA reached to 0. 10-1. 79 mg/m3 ,exceeding the standard rate of 18. 42%（7/38）,and the highest respirable dust CTWA was more than 1. 6 times of the PC-TWA（ 0. 70 mg/m3 ）. Six cases of potters＇ pneumoconiosis were diagnosed in the exposed group（5 cases of stage Ⅰ,1 case of stage Ⅱ）with a detection rate of 0. 68%. Dust operation contraindication detection rate was 1. 69%（15/885）. The abnormal detection rate of pulmonary ventilation function in exposed group was higher than that of the control group（9. 60% vs 2. 56%,P〈0. 01）,while electrocardiogram abnormal rate of the exposed group was higher than that of the control group（ 8. 81% vs 1. 54%,P〈0. 01 ）. Conclusion The health hazard from architectural ceramic dust is very serious to workers,the dust hazard control should be strengthened in the relevant enterprises to protect the health of workers.