民国时期四川农村合作运动的发展轨迹探析

An Analysis of the Development Track of Sichuan's Rural Cooperative Movement During the Period of Republic of China

民国时期,四川农村合作运动的发展轨迹与中国其他地方大致同步,但也有其自身特点。"防区制"时代,由于缺乏中央政府力量的介入,四川合作事业发展明显滞后;川政统一后,通江、南江、巴中等"剿匪区"的农村善后催生了大量的合作预备社,四川农村合作运动得以初步发展;全面抗战爆发后,政治、经济和军事地位的提升极大地促进了四川农村合作社数量的急剧增长,农村合作运动进入全面发展时期;抗战胜利后,四川农村合作运动仍旧保持着一种惯性的发展态势直至国民党政权在大陆终结。

In the period of Republic of China, the development track of Sichuan’ s rural cooperative movement was similar to that of other areas, but it had its own characteristics. During “the defense area system” times, without the government’ s help,Sichuan’ s rural cooperative enterprise obviously lagged behind. But shortly after the politi-cal unification of Sichuan, a good number of cooperatives were created to relieve those areas harassed by military conflicts, and in this process the budding cooperatives emerged in places like Tongjiang, Nanjiang and Bazhong. Soon after that, the outbreak of Anti-Japanese war and the capital’ s shift to Chongqing drastically enhanced the po-litical,economic and military status of Sichuan province,which promoted the full development of Cooperative move-ment in the rural area. Cooperatives started to blossom even at the end of the war and the following civil war did not prevent its development.