论《白痴》中的民间文学因素

Discussing Folk narration in The Idiot

陀思妥耶夫斯基的长篇小说《白痴》已有的批评维度并未穷尽对这部经典作品内涵的阐释。19世纪60年代,俄国社会精英由学习西方转而回归本土文化,陀思妥耶夫斯基与他们殊途同归。60年代,他首创"根基主义"学说,在家庭氛围、时代文化背景和个人民族心理的作用下将代表民族文化记忆的民间文学引入创作。《白痴》在人物形象、叙述结构与叙述语言等方面借鉴了民间文学的某些因素,作家有意选择易被大众接受的、表达人民宗教伦理观念的民间文学材料来探讨道德伦理问题,以达到自己崇高的创作目的。

The existing criticism dimensions of Idiot have not exhausted interpretation of connotation to this classical literature. Russian social elites learned from Western Culture and later returned to the Russian culture in the 1560s, the world view of I）ostoevsky had changed since he returned from exile, he establish the theory of ＂soil＂, he made the folk literature on behalf of national culture memory into literary creation with the influence of time culture background, Individual national psychology and family atmosphere. The character, the narrative structure and the narrative language in Idiot draw on the experience of folklore, fairy tales, hero song etc. The author chose folk literature material that the public readily accepted and expressing people＇s religious ethics to discuss moral and ethical problems, so he could accomplished the purpose of creation.