中国小麦微核心种质的根系生物量

Root Biomass of Chinese Mini-core Collections Germplasms

以231份中国小麦微核心种质为材料,测定不同材料根系生物量,以鉴选出根系发育较好的种质。结果表明,中国小麦微核心种质的根系生物量在品种间存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）,根干质量平均值为1.08g,变幅为0.49-2.12g。鉴定筛选出根干质量大于1.50g的品种13个,其中,农家品种＂白冬麦＂根干质量最大,为1.93g,其次是农家种＂三月黄＂和现代育成品种＂矮丰3号＂,根干质量分别为1.92g和1.74g;国外引进品种＂敖德萨3号＂、＂Villa Glori＂和＂Atlas66＂的根干质量也较大,分别为1.62、1.56和1.52g。将微核心种质按原产地及麦区分别进行分析得出,国外引进品种和长江中下游麦区的小麦根干质量最大,北方麦区和黄淮冬麦区小麦选育品种根干质量的平均值均小于地方品种。这些结果对小麦育种中根系性状的亲本选择具有重要意义,可为后续的QTL定位奠定基础。

In order to evaluate the changes of root biomass in different genotypes, two hundred and thirty one Chinese wheat mini-core collection were used in this experiment. The results showed that there were large variances in root dry mass （RDM） of Chinese mini-core collections （P〈0.01）. The average of RDM was 1.08 g, ranging from 0.49 g to 2.12 g. There were 13 varieties more than 1.50 g. A landrace ＂Baidongmai＂ was detected with the highest RDM of 1. 93 g, then another landrace ＂Sanyuehuang＂ with the RDM of 1. 92 g, and a bred variety ＂Aifeng 3 ＂ with the RDW of 1. 74 g. There were three foreign varieties, Odessa, ＂Villa Glori＂ and ＂Atlas 66＂ with higher RDM of 1.62 g, 1.56 g and 1.52 g, respectively. Distribution analyzed of RDM from areas and sources, higher RDM was devected in foreign varieties and wheat materials originated from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. In North wheat area and Huanghuai wheat area, bred varieties showed lower RDM than landraces. These results were very important for wheat breeding and laid a foundation for QTL mapping.