籽粒成熟度与穗部位置对春小麦种子活力的影响

Effects of Maturity and Head Position on Seed Vigor of Spring Wheat

为明确不同穗部及成熟度对春小麦种子活力的影响,选取不同成熟度的新春26号种子,在不同穗部间进行恒温发芽试验,测定其千粒质量、发芽率、幼苗鲜质量及幼苗干质量等种子活力指标。结果表明,成熟度越好,则千粒质量越大,相关活力指标越高,且表现为穗中部>穗基部>穗上部。对不同穗部千粒质量与活力指数进行相关性分析表明,开花后25d收获与开花后30d收获的种子,其穗中部千粒质量与种子活力分别达到显著、极显著水平,即随着小麦成熟度增加,小麦种子干、鲜质量与种子活力回归关系极显著。而且,其相应部位的幼苗鲜质量或干质量均与活力指数呈极显著关系,因此,可以用种子千粒质量大小、幼苗鲜质量或幼苗干质量判定不同收获期下种子活力的大小。

To explore the effect of maturity and head position on seed vigor of spring wheat, seed germination experiment of wheat seeds in different parts of heads was carried out at constant temperature and the thousand seed mass, germination rate, seedling fresh mass and dry mass of seedling were measured The results showed that the better maturity, the higher seed kernels and related indexes, with the sequence of middle 〉 upper〉 bottom. The correlation analysis showed that correlation of between thousand seed mass and seed vigor in the middle of wheat heads were significant for 25 d-harvested seeds and extremely significant for 30 d-harvested seeds, which indicated that with the seed mature of wheat, regression relation between wheat seed mass（dry or fresh） and seed vigor was extremely significant. At the same time, the corresponding fresh or dry mass of seedlings was very significantly related with vigor index. Thus, seed mass, dry or fresh mass of seedlings can be used as a simple indicator of wheat seed vigor to determine the harvesting time.