非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中转体外循环的预后、原因及危险因素分析

Prognosis and Risk Factor Analysis for Conversion From Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting to Cardiopulmonary Bypass Grafting During Surgery

目的:探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)中转体外循环的预后、中转原因以及导致中转体外循环的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2001年-2012年在北京大学人民医院接受择期单纯OPCAB的2613例患者,术中中转体外循环下手术者62例纳入中转组,非中转组2551例。收集围手术期临床资料,对比两组的基线资料及围手术期预后资料。采用二元Logistic回归分析得出导致中转体外循环的危险因素。结果:中转率为2.37%。术中中转体外循环下手术的原因包括血液动力学不稳定42例,靶血管暴露困难6例,恶性心律失常9例,桥血管闭塞在体外循环下重新吻合3例,其他原因2例。比较中转组和非中转组的围手术期资料显示,中转组在术后引流量、呼吸机使用时间、二次开胸止血率、血滤使用率以及围手术期死亡率均高于非中转组。二元Logistic回归分析显示,慢性阻塞性肺疾病、既往冠状动脉旁路移植术、纽约心功能分级≥3级、左心室射血分数≤40%及左主干病变是OPCAB术中中转体外循环手术的危险因素。结论:血流动力学不稳定、靶血管暴露困难、恶性心律失常等是OPCAB术中中转体外循环手术的常见原因。OPCAB术中发生中转体外循环事件增加了并发症发生率及死亡率。慢性阻塞性肺疾病、既往冠状动脉旁路移植术、纽约心功能分级≥3级、左心室射血分数≤40%、左主干病变是OPCAB术中中转体外循环手术的危险因素。

Objective：To explore the prognosis and risk factors for conversion from off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting （OPCABG） to coronary bypass grafting （CABG） during surgery. 〈br〉 Methods： We retrospectively analyzed 2613 patients with elective OPCAB in our hospital from 2001 to 2012, there were 62 （2.37%） patients converted to CABG during the operation as Conversion group, the rest 2551 patients were set as Non-conversion group. The peril-operative baseline clinical data and prognosis condition were compared between 2 groups. The risk factors causing the in-operative conversion were studied with binary logistic regression analysis. 〈br〉 Results： The total conversion rate was 2.37%, including 42 patients of hemodynamic instability, 6 with dififculty of target vessel exposure, 9 with malignant arrhythmia, 3 with graft occlusion and 2 patients with other reasons. Compared with Non-conversion group, the Conversion group had increased post-operative drainage and ventilation time, higher rates of second thoracotomy for stop bleeding and higher peril-operative mortality. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, previous history of CABG, NYHA class≥3, LVEF≤40%and left main disease were the independent risk factors for in-operative conversion. 〈br〉 Conclusion： Conversion from OPCAB to CABG during the operation would be result in signiifcantly higher morbidity and mortality in relevant patients.