粪肠球菌替代抗生素对保育仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、体液免疫指标和肠道微生物数量的影响

Effect of dietary Enterococcus faecalis replacing of antibiotic on growth performance,diarrhea rate,humoral immunity and intestinal microflora of nursery pigs

为研究粪肠球菌替代饲用抗生素的可行性,将150头25日龄断奶仔猪[（8.41±0.17）kg,杜×长×大],随机分为基础日粮、100 g·t^-1粪肠球菌（处理Ⅰ组）、200 g·t^-1粪肠球菌（处理Ⅱ组）、400 g·t^-1粪肠球菌（处理Ⅲ组）和抗生素组共5组,每组4个重复,每个重复7或8头仔猪。试验1～14 d和15～28 d测定各组猪只生长性能和腹泻率;试验开始和结束时测定基础日粮组、抗生素组和处理Ⅱ组血清IgA、IgM、IgG含量,同时试验结束时测定上述3组肠道微生物数量。结果表明：1～14 d阶段,各处理组平均日增重、料肉比和腹泻率较基础日粮组均显著改善（P〈0.05）,且与抗生素组差异不显著（P〉0.05）,其中以处理Ⅱ组最佳;15～28 d阶段。仅处理Ⅱ组较基础日粮组平均日采食量显著提高（P〈0.05）,较抗生素组相比无显著变化（P〉0.05）。试验结束时,处理Ⅱ组血清IgG含量较基础日粮组显著升高（P〈0.05）,血清IgA含量有升高趋势（P=0.084）,但均与抗生素组无显著差异（P〉0.05）,同时处理Ⅱ组空肠中大肠杆菌数量较基础日粮组也显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论：添加200 g·t^-1的粪肠球菌能显著改善试验仔猪保育前期平均日增重、料肉比、腹泻率和保育后期的平均日采食量,并能够增强体液免疫性能,降低空肠大肠杆菌数量。

To explore the feasibility of Enterococcus faecalis replacing of antibiotics in nursery pigs＇ feed,one hundred and fifty 25day-old nursery pigs[（ 8. 41±0. 17） kg,Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire]were randomly divided into five groups with four replicates in each group： basal diet group,100 g·t^-1E. faecalis group（ treatment Ⅰ）,200 g·t^-1E. faecalis group（ treatment Ⅱ）,400 g·t^-1E. faecalis group（ treatment Ⅲ） and antibiotic group. There were 7 or 8 nursery pigs in each replicate. The growth performance and diarrhea rate of nursery pigs were measured during the experiment. The serum immunoglobulin IgA,IgM,IgG content of basal diet group,antibiotic group and treatment Ⅱ were measured at the initial and the terminal of the trial. The intestinal microbe was measured at the end of the trial. Results are as follows： Average daily gain of experimental pigs fed with diet supplemented with different doses of E. faecalis was significantly improved compared to those fed with basal diet（ P〈0. 05） at the stage of 1-14 days of experiment. Feed to gain ratio and diarrhea rate was decreased respectively at the same time（ P〈0. 05）. When treatment Ⅱ was the best group of E. faecalis groups. No significant difference was observed between E. faecalis groups and antibiotic group. Average daily feed intake of experimental pigs fed with diet supplemented with 200 g·t^-1E. faecalis（ treatment Ⅱ） was significantly increased compared to those fed with basal diet（ P〈0. 05） at the stage of 15-28 days of experiment. No significant difference between other groups was observed at this stage. At the end of the trial,serum IgG level of pigs in treatment Ⅱ was significantly higher（ P〈0. 05） than that of those in basal diet group and serum IgA level of the former tended to be higher（ P = 0. 084） than the latter. No significant differ-ence between other groups was observed at this stage. The number of E. coli in the jejunum of pigs in treatment Ⅱ was significantly smaller（ P〈0. 05） than that of those in the basal diet group. Conclusions： Nursery piglets fed with diet supplemented with 200 g·t^-1E. faecalis improved average daily gain,and decreased feed to gain ratio and diarrhea rates in the early nursery pigs. Average daily feed intake of experimental pigs was significantly increased at the end of nursery pigs. While diet supplemented with 200 g·t^-1E. faecalis could strengthen the body immune system and suppress the growth of E. coli in jejunum.