衡水市教师健康检查甲状腺结节患病率及相关因素分析

Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Associated Factors among Teachers in Hengshui

[目的]了解衡水市教师甲状腺结节流行状况及相关因素。[方法]收集2012年1月至2013年7月在某医院进行健康检查的该市教师2 863例健康检查资料及问卷调查,进行汇总分析。[结果]1甲状腺结节总患病率为31.68%(907/2 863),其中男性患病率25.85%,女性患病率35.93%,女性明显高于男性(χ2=32.779,P=0.000)。2共检出甲状腺结节患者907例,甲状腺结节大小在2 mm×1 mm^80 mm×87 mm之间。多发515例(56.78%),单发392例(43.22%);双侧428例(47.19%),单侧479例(52.81%),其中右叶256例(28.22%),左叶223例(24.59%);实性613例(67.59%),囊性140例(15.44%),囊实性86例(9.48%),伴钙化68例(7.50%),检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。3甲状腺结节患病率呈现随年龄的增长而增加的趋势(趋势χ2=92.852,P=0.000),>60岁年龄段患病率最高,达到46.31%,每一年龄段女性患病率均高于男性(P<0.05)。4中专及大学教师中女性患病率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。5多因素logistic回归分析显示:与男性教师相比,女性教师更易患甲状腺结节(OR=1.939,95%CI=1.622~2.318);随年龄增长罹患甲状腺结节的风险增加(OR=1.388,95%CI=1.299~1.483);睡眠差(OR=1.999,95%CI=1.647~2.426)可能是罹患甲状腺结节的危险因素。[结论]衡水市教师甲状腺结节患病率较高,存在性别、年龄效应修饰作用,睡眠差可能是罹患甲状腺结节的危险因素。倡导教师健康工作、生活方式,保证充足睡眠可能对预防甲状腺结节起到重要作用。

[Objective] To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and associated factors among teachers in Hengshui.[Methods] A total of 2 863 teachers who underwent physical examinations in a general hospital from January 2012 to July 2013 were included.Physical examination data and self-administered questionnaires were collected for statistical analysis.[Results] 1 The general prevalence of thyroid nodules was 31.68%（907/2 863） in participated teachers.The prevalence rates of thyroid nodules among males and females were 25.85% and 35.93% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant（χ2=32.779, P=0.000）.2 Regarding the nature of thyroid nodule among the 907 participants with thyroid nodules ranged from 2 mm×1 mm to 80 mm×87 mm, 515 cases were multiple（56.78%） and 392 cases were single（43.22%）; 428 cases were bilateral, 479 cases were unilateral, among which 256 cases were located in right lobe and 223 cases were in left lobe; 613 cases were solid（67.59%）, 140 cases were cystic（15.44%）, 86 cases were solid and cystic（9.48%）, and 68 cases were calcification（7.50%）（P 0.01）.3 With age increasing, the prevalence of thyroid nodules increased（trend χ2=92.852, P=0.000）.The highest prevalence rate（46.31%） was found in the group aged 60 years, and the female prevalence rate was higher than the male in each age group（P 0.05）.4 The female prevalence rate was higher than the male in secondary schools and universities（P 0.05）.5 The results of logistic regression analysis showed that female teachers were more likely to be diagnosed with thyroid nodules than male teachers（OR=1.939, 95%CI： 1.622-2.318）; the prevalence of thyroid nodules increased with age（OR=1.388, 95%CI： 1.299-1.483）; poor sleeping quality was associated with the occurrence of thyroid nodules（OR=1.999, 95%CI： 1.647-2.426）.[Conclusion] The prevalence of thyroid nodules is high among the teachers in Hengshui and modified by gender and age.Poor sleeping quality could be a potential risk factor for thyroid nodules.Promoting healthy working and living style, especially adequate sleeping, may help prevent thyroid nodules in teachers.