中国反垄断法实施中的体系冲突与化解

System Conflict and Resolution in the Implementation of the Chinese Antimonopoly Law

中国《反垄断法》的立法蓝本虽然是欧盟竞争法,但在实施过程中仍然深受美国反托拉斯法的影响。在中国近期的垄断协议案件中可以看到二者所带来的冲突。错误成本分析框架提供了很好的视角来理解不同法律体系之间所存在的差异,并思考如何进行制度选择。错误成本分析框架包含了市场中假阳性更多还是假阴性更多、市场自身是否更具错误修正能力的前提假设,对这些假设的分析又构成认识中国问题的基础。而限制竞争行为的实证研究以及对中国市场状况的认识表明,建立在一定先验基础上的法律体系在一般意义上并无绝对优劣之分,但在确定的前提假设下保持法律体系的逻辑一致性则具有内在的巨大价值。为此,中国应该在目前所采纳的欧盟竞争法体系上,更好地梳理和确立自己的反垄断法体系,并在此基础上谨慎地进行制度变革。

Although the legislative blueprint for the Antimonopoly Law of China is the EU Competition Law, it is still deeply influenced by the Antitrust Law in America during the implementation. Conflicts between the two sources can be seen in recent cases of monopoly agreement in China. Analytical framework of error costs provides perfect angle for understanding the discrepancies between different legal systems, and for thinking how to make choice between systems. Analytical framework of error costs contains premises of whether there is more false positives or false negatives in the market, or whether the market itself possesses stronger error fix ability. Analysis on these premises then constitutes the basis for understanding the problem of China. However, the empirical study of anti-competitive practice and the understanding of the market conditions in China reveal that, legal systems established on transcendental basis have no absolute distinction between superiority and inferiority in a general sense. Under certain premises, maintaining the logical consistency of legal system is of great value. Therefore, based on the adopted system of EU competition law, China shall better sort out and establish its own antimonopoly law system, and prudently conduct institutional reform on this basis.