两种“宪法解释”的概念分野与合宪性解释的可能性

Distinguishing the Conceptions of Two Constitutional Interpretations and the Possibility of Verfassungskonforme Auslegung

在我国的宪法实施和宪法监督制度下,有两种意义上的宪法解释:第一种宪法解释表现为对行政法规等规范性文件作抽象式审查并作出撤销等处分决定的权力,这项权力为全国人大常委会所享有;第二种宪法解释固有地存在于任何认同宪法的规范性和最高性的司法过程中,本质上是一种法律方法和司法技艺。第二种意义上的宪法解释并未被我国宪法所禁止,也无损于全国人大常委会所享有的第一种意义上的宪法解释权。因此,合宪性解释的运用并不必要以否认司法过程中必然存在的宪法解释为前提。我们应当在这一基础之上展开有关合宪性解释的讨论。

There are two types of constitutional interpretation in Chinese constitutional review regime ： The first interpretation takes the form of constitutional review of administrative law and other ordinances of lower status. The practice of this kind of constitutional interpretation can be ended with a general nullification of a statute, and this power to interpret and nullify belongs to the National People＇ s Congress Standing Committee （NPCSC） exclusively ; the second interpretation is, in essence, a judicatory method or art which exist in all judicial process as long as the normal status of the Constitution is acknowledged. This kind of interpretation is not forbidden in the current regime and does not jeopardize the NPCSC＇ s exclusive power of constitutional review in the first type of constitutional interpretation.