西方政党政治与超政党体制:比较与竞争——兼论中国政党制度生命力

Western Partisan Politics and Hyper Partisan Politics: Comparison and Competition——On the Vitality of Partisan Politics of China

随着社会多元化与否决政治的盛行,西方政党政治的民主悖论、统合断裂与体制失灵日益显著。西方政党体制与超政党体制可从四个层面比较:从利益代表来看,超政党体制下执政党超越各利益集团单一利益诉求,代表国家根本利益。从利益表达来看,西方政党体制主要体现为代议民主、多党竞争、票决民主;超政党体制下民主性主要通过纵向民主、协商民主、群众路线实现。从利益整合功能来看,超政党体制由于利益代表超然性,更能对各利益集团的利益诉求有效整合,形成社会包容性共识。从执政绩效功能来看,相对于西方政党体制的"否决政治",超政党体制能将各阶层多元化利益诉求凝聚于国家统一发展战略。

With the diversification of society and vetocracy, the democracy paradox, integration disruption and system failure begin to emerge in western partisan politics. Comparison between western partisan politics and hyper partisan politics could be analyzed in four levels. With the view of interest representation, ruling party under hyper partisan politics represent nation's fundamental interests, instead of individual interest of specific group. Under the view of interest expression, representative democracy and partisan competition constitute the framework of western partisan politics,while the democracy under hyper partisan politics mainly realized through deliberative democracy and mass line. With the view of interest integration function, hyper partisan politics based on hyper representation could be more capable to integrate different appeals of interest groups into a whole, hence forging a inclusive consensus. With the view of political performance, contrary to vetocracy, hyper partisan politics could integrate diversified demands into unified development strategy of the whole nation.