环境约束下长江流域主要城市全要素生产率研究

A Research on the Total Factor Productivity of Major Cities in the Yangtze River Basin under the Restriction of Environment

文章采用方向性距离函数和Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数,对我国长江流域2003-2012年24个城市考虑环境因素和不考虑环境因素两种情形下的全要素生产率进行了测度。研究结果表明,考虑非期望产出时,技术无效率是长江流域主要城市的普遍现象,各城市之间投入产出效率差异大,但这种差异在逐渐缩小;长江流域城市全要素生产率不断增长,技术进步是其增长的主要源泉;多数城市技术效率明显恶化,成为阻碍长江流域城市绿色全要素生产率提高的主要原因;长江上游城市全要素生产率明显高于中下游城市;当考虑环境因素时,长江上、中游城市TFP增长幅度明显降低,下游城市开始出现"波特双赢"局面。

By applying the directional distance function and Malmquist-Luenberger productivity function,the paper mea.sures the total factor productivity （TFP） of 24 cities in the Yangtze River Basin during the year of 2003 to 2012 from twoaspects,considering and not considering environmental factors. The results show that： Considering the unexpected output,the technical inefficiency is a common phenomenon in major cities of the Yangtze River Basin,there are big discrepanciesof input and output efficiency among cities,but the discrepancies are narrowing; the TFP is growing,and the technologyprogress is the main source of its growth; the technical efficiency in most cities becomes significantly worse which is the ob.stacle to the growth of the green TFP; the TFP of cities in the upper reaches is significantly higher than that in the middleand lower reaches of the Yangtze River; when considering environmental factors,the growth rate of TFP of cities in the up.per and middle reaches is significantly lower,whereas cities in the lower reaches begin to display “potter win-win” situa.tion.