汉、英、意语否定疑问应答句中极性助词的比较研究

汉、英、意语否定疑问应答句中极性助词使用存在差异。传统语义研究认为,汉语该句类中极性助词使用由同问句中设定命题的异同决定,形式语义描写为[same][reverse];意大利语则依据事实情况决定,描写为[+][-];英语皆可。本研究结合形式句法对相关差异进行了分析。相关极性助词均为C成分,汉语为语力C成分,具有句外语义指向和语用性;意大利语为限定C成分,具有句内语义指向和句内语义约束性。英语则既可为语力C,也可为限定C。这一研究结论具有跨语言的普遍性,不仅可以丰富标句词研究,也可以深化基于形式句法的句法语用研究。

There exist differences among the polarity particles in neg-questions in Chinese, English and Italian. The traditional semantic study deems that the semantic content of the Chinese polarity particles is determined by their relations to propositions in neg-questions, featured by [ same ] [ reverse ] ; while that of Italian is by truth, featured by [ ＋ ] [- ] and for English, both are acceptable. The present study is a formal syntactic reexamination of the differences. The polarity particles in three languages are all complementizers and the Chinese ones are force complementizers which are pragmatically bound by outside element while the Italian ones are finitive complementizers which are syntactically bound by inside element. The English ones can be used as both force and finitive. The conclusion can be applied universally which on one hand help to enrich the C system and on the other to develop the study on formal syntactic-pragmatic interface.