在生态灾难中追寻“乌托邦”——蒙波·希阿迪内伊的小说《无法企及的平衡》

阿根廷作家蒙波·希阿迪内伊的小说《无法企及的平衡》描写了处在危机中的阿根廷现实:恶化的自然生态、黑暗腐败的社会生态、以及因道德沦丧和伦理失范而陷入危机的精神生态。作家将文学作为拯救人类生态的有效手段和良方,通过创造离奇精彩的故事情节、营造亦真亦幻的环境氛围、塑造极富戏剧性的人物形象,将改变世界的美好希望寄托于文学中的"乌托邦"。本论文拟从生态批评的角度,从自然、社会、精神三个方面,分析小说揭示出的人类生态诸多问题,并指出,正是这些浓缩在阿根廷的问题,造成了社会的"无法企及的平衡",旨在理解作家借助文学来拯救自然生态和全人类的创作理念。

Impossible Balance by the Argentina writer Mempo Giardinelli has described the reality of Argentina in crisis： the deteriorated natural ecology, the dark and corrupted social ecology, and the critical spiritual ecology caused by the moral and ethical loss. The writer has considered literature as an effective means of saving the human ecology and has reposed the wish of changing the world in the utopia by composing extraordinary fascinating plot, by constructing real or magical atmosphere and by creating dramatic characters. This article aims to analyze all those ecological problems revealed in the novel from perspective of eco-criticism and from the three dimensions of nature, society and spirit. It also notes that all these problems concentrated in Argentina have led to the ＂impossible balance＂, which at last makes us understand the writer＇ s concept of saving the natural ecology and all mankind by means of literature.