论我国讯问前权利告知的完善

Perfection of Right Notification Before Interrogation in China

在法治国家(地区),沉默权和律师帮助权是讯问前最主要的告知内容,如果侦查机关未告知这些权利,则所获供述有可能落入非法供述排除的范围。在讯问前未告知权利与非法供述排除规则的关系上,法治国家(地区)形成了原则加例外模式和裁量排除模式。我国《刑事诉讼法》虽有讯问前告知权利的规定,但告知内容单薄,且未确立程序违法所获供述排除规则。作为理想的改革措施,我国应借鉴法治国家(地区)有关讯问前权利告知制度,建立完整的讯问前权利告知规则;通过对现行立法和司法解释相关规定的进一步挖掘,也可以在不突破现行法律框架的情况下一定程度上弥补我国讯问前权利告知规则的缺陷。

In countries under the rule of law, the most important informed contents are the right to silence and right to counsel before interrogation. If the investigation organizations don＇t inform these rights, the confessions would be exclusion. As to relation between failure of right notification and illegal-obtained confession exclusion, there have two models of the principle plus exception and discretion. There do have rules about right notification before interrogation in China＇ s Law of Criminal Procedure, but it shows few informed contents and lack of the rule about confession exclusion through illegal procedure. As the ideal reform measures, it is suggested to the system of right notification from other countries under the rule of law to perfect regulations of right to counsel before interrogation. By further study the current legislation and judicial interpretation, the defects of right notification before interrogation can be remedied to a certain extent through exploiting the relevant provisions of existing legal framework.