西方艺术发展之体系的“创造”

The “Invention” of System in the Development of Western Art

18世纪在西方艺术史中是极为关键的一个阶段。在这一阶段,西方艺术发展迎来了现代艺术体系的建立,这一体系的建立虽不表现在艺术风格及趣味的迥异上,但却在艺术观念发展上占有重要地位。美的艺术体系的确立,艺术批评的体制化、现代艺术史方法的成熟、美学学科的建立,以及一系列博物馆等现代艺术机构的规模化,这些都共同构成了一种艺术体制的氛围,促成了西方现代艺术体系的系统化。同时,也正是18世纪为之后的19世纪艺术自主性的合法化,以及其后艺术门类的分化奠定了观念与体制上的基础。

The development of arts in the 18th century reached a crucial stage in the Western art history,as it saw the gradual emergence of the modern art system. The system,though not shown in the drastic changes of artistic styles and tastes,was significant for the development of the ideas of arts. Different elements help to build an environment for the institutionalization of arts and to promote the establishment of the modern system of fine arts,and the elements include the institutionalization of art criticism,the emergence of modern art historical methods,and the establishment of Aesthetics as a discipline,as well as the development of modern art institutions such as museums. These developments during the 18th century also prepared for both the legitimacy of the idea of the autonomy of arts and the differentiation of fine arts in the 19th century.