审美直观与艺术真理——“艺术终结论”的现象学解读

Aesthetic Intuition and the Truth of Art: A Phenomenological Interpretation of“the End of Art”

"艺术终结论"是困扰整个西方艺术史的一个理论难题,柏拉图、黑格尔和阿瑟·丹托分别是其在古代、近代和现代的代表。我们认为,"艺术终结论"在西方之所以一再出台,是因为西方思想总是固守着感性与理性的二元对立,以至于无法真正确立艺术的真理性。为此,我们主张用直观的一元论来取代感性和理性的二元论,把直观确立为唯一本源性的认识能力,感性和理性则是从直观分化和发展而来的衍生物。其中,直观是一种把握事物本质的能力,理性是把直观到的本质加工成概念和知识体系的能力,感性则是把本质以形象的方式表现出来的能力。由此出发,我们把直观而不是感性看作艺术的本质,认为直观是一切艺术的共同基础,感性则只是再现性和具象性艺术的特征。因此,艺术在真理的谱系上处于本源性的地位,哲学不可能也不应该取代艺术。只要人类还保持着对于真理的追求,艺术就永远不可能终结。

The end of art as a theoretical claim has been proposed in the Western aesthetics by Plato,Hegel and Arthur Danto.The reason for the repetitive raising of the claim is,the paper argues,that the Western thought is too rooted in the dualism between perception and reason to reach the truth of art. The paper thus proposes the replacement of the perception-reason dualism with the monism of intuition,on the ground that intuition is the original epistemic capacity and the origin of both perception and reason of human beings. Intuition is the capacity to grasp the essence of things,which will be transformed to concept and system of knowledge by reason,or expressed as image by perception. Therefore,the essential quality of art is intuition,and art provides the basic way to reach truth. Art will continue to exist with human＇s will to seek truth.