论文体互动及其文学史意义

The Interaction Between Genres and Its Significance for Literary History

中国古代文学的文体系统是一个天然形成的有机体。这个系统自成一体而相对完满自足。系统内的每一种文体都具有独特的表现功能,这种功能的独特性是该文体产生的前提和存在的理由;同时系统内的各种文体相依共存又互为补充,共同构成中华民族精神、心理、性格、气质的重要载体。这个系统既具有相当的稳定性,系统内的各种文体又始终处于变动不居的过程中。中国文学的发展史,就是中国文学的文体系统发展变化、吐故纳新的历史。当一种新的具有影响力的文体以旺盛的生机楔入固有的文体系统时,必然会使原有的文体及整个文体系统的生态环境相应地发生变化。文体互动有丰富多样的表现形态,本文重点描述分析了新体代兴、破体出位、异体相袭、多体共生、异体相生、跨界批评等六种形态。关于中国古代文体系统与文体互动的深入考察,将会为中国文学史的研究提供一个新的视点。同时,既然分期划段不足以展示文体系统生生不已的嬗变,分体考察又不足以揭示文体之间繁复多样的互动关系,那么这也会必将带来文学史书写的新变化。

Ancient Chinese genre system is relatively self-contained,with each genre representing a unique function of expression. The uniqueness is both the condition and the reason for its existence,while the genres within the system co-exist and complement each other,configuring the spirit,psychology,character and temperament of the Chinese as a cultural nation. Chinese genre system has considerable stability during a certain period of literary development,and it may be claimed that the evolution of Chinese literature is that of literary genres. When a new influential genre wedges in the system,it brings about an ecological change of the system. This paper focuses on the following six forms of interaction between genres： the emergence of a brand new genre,the replacement of an old genre,the generational heritance of genres,symbiosis of different genres,hybrid genre from grafting,and cross-boundary criticism. Investigation into ancient Chinese genre system may provide a new point of departure for not only the periodization of genres but also the writing of Chinese literary history.