白居易在唐代诗歌史上的“第三极”意义

The Significance of Bai Juyi as “The Third Pole” in the Tang Poetry

在唐代,白居易是继李、杜之后的又一座丰碑式人物,是中唐的一个特殊的文化符号。他不仅处于"百代之中"使文学创作发生了转折性变化,而且对士人精神世界和生存观念产生了重要影响,形成了唐代诗歌史和文化史上的"第三极"。如果说李白提供了天上人间、神龙见首不见尾的诗界典型和追求狂放自由的人格形象,杜甫留下的是沉郁顿挫、晚节渐于声律细的诗学风范和济世难成的悲壮之歌,白居易则显示出将一切官样文章放下,以平凡朴质面貌示人的诗人襟怀和在不突破道德底线的前提下获取最充分物质和精神享受的生命姿态。白居易对后代士族阶层影响巨大,其中既有文学创作的传播,也有生存智慧的接收。

Bai Juyi was a monumental poet and a special cultural icon in the middle of the Tang Dynasty,which was also called＂the centre of all dynasties＂by Ye Xie. Bai Juyi initiated a turning point in literary writing and influenced the spiritual world and outlook on existence of the scholar-officials,and became＂the third pole＂of the Tang-Dynasty poetry and culture,along with the other two poles of Li Bai and Du Fu. If Li Bai presented an ethereal poetic prototype and a wayward personal image,while Du Fu composed formally subtle poems with a grave spirit of saving the world,then Bai Juyi had cultivated a simple and plain idea of poetry that had freed himself from grandiloquent officialese so that he could pursue material and spiritual comforts to the fullest without having any moral risks. He exerted an enormous influence upon the scholar-bureaucrat group of later dynasties both in literature and wisdom about life.