关于“真实”的历史建构与知识者的身份认同——现代小说叙述人称策略的变迁及其思想史意义

The Changing of the Person in the Narration in Modern Chinese Literature and Its Intellectual Implications

作为叙述修辞的基本要素,叙述人称在很大程度上参与了小说对"真实"的建构和表现。在某些特定的历史时期,人称策略一方面呈现出历史语境对于"真实"内涵的潜在规定;另一方面,在更深隐的层面往往又与承担叙述使命的知识阶层的身份认同密切相连。对中国现代小说来说,从"五四"新文学的个性解放思潮向三、四十年代以后的大众化、民族化转型的这三个十年,人称策略的选用及变迁无疑在这两个方面都具有典型性,这将为我们理解中国现代文学场域的复杂性提供一个意味深长的视角。

The person used in narration is an essential factor of narrative rhetoric,and it plays an important role in the construction and representation of the＂realness＂in a novel. The choice of the person in narration may,on the one hand,abide by the implicit imperatives which the historical context enforced on＂realness＂,and closely links to the identity of the intellectual group who undertakes the task of narrating. The novels during the May 4th Movement in 1919 correspond to the spirit of individual liberation,and the following two decades saw the transformation to popularization and nationalization. The paper demonstrates that,among the modern Chinese novels produced during this thirty-year period,the choice of the person and the changes of the person use in narration are representative in the above mentioned two aspects. The paper concludes that the strategies behind the choice of the person provide a significant perspective for examining the complexity of modern Chinese literary field.