1986—2012年俄罗斯核电公众接受度研究

Study of Nuclear Power's Public Acceptance in Russia during 1986–2012

结合俄罗斯核电发展节点,俄罗斯核电公众接受历史可以分为四个时期:被动接受期、强烈反对期、事故影响淡化期、重新关注期。切尔诺贝利事故改变了公众对核电的看法,事故影响的负面信息被不断强化和扩大,公众对核电形成恐惧和抵触情绪。20世纪90年代初,苏联解体带来的严重的政治经济危机使得公众更多关注国家前途和自身命运,对核电站建设不感兴趣或无暇考虑。2000年核电复兴战略实施以来,公众对核电的接受度开始逐步改善。ЦИРКОН机构的调查数据显示,2012年俄罗斯核电公众接受度出现了反转性的变化,45%的赞成比例超过了43%的反对比例。在转型时期的俄罗斯,威权主义政治体制、原子能集团的垄断地位、欠佳的政策执行情况,以及先天不足的NGO组织都在制约着核电公众接受度的改善。在制度因素方面,核电公众接受度仍然有很大的改善空间。

Combined with Russia's nuclear power development history, the public acceptance of nuclear power in Russia can be divided into four periods:from the stage of passive acceptance to strong opposition, from the decay stage of Chernobyl accident influence to the refocus stage. The Chernobyl accident changed the public opinion about nuclear power, the public’s fear and resistance against nuclear power formed because of the constant expansion of negative information about the accident’s impact. In the early 1990s, serious political and economic crisis brought by the collapse of the Soviet Union has made the public pay more attention to national future and their own destiny, so the public had no interest in the NPP construction or no time to consider this problem. From the implement of the strategy of nuclear renaissance in the year 2000, the public acceptance of nuclear power be-gan to gradually improve. According to the survey data fromЦИРКОН, the reversed change occurred in the year 2012, as the percentage of public support 45%exceeded the opposition percentage 43%. During the social transi-tion in Russia, authoritarian political system, monopolyposition of Rosatom, poor policy implementation and slow development of NGO with inherent problems have effects upon the improvement of nuclear power’s public ac-ceptance. In the aspect of institutional factors, there is still remarkable space for improvement.