理、天理与理会:论“理”在中国古代思想世界的演进

Reason's Evolution in the Ideological World in Ancient China

从先秦"形"范式,到汉魏"体"范式,进而至宋明"理"范式,中国思想范式由外在的形式渐次嬗变为内在之质料。从先秦作为"类"之理,到魏晋作为"故"之理,进至宋明作为"理"之理,理兼摄形式与质料,兼含"类"与"故",融合必然之理与当然之理而被视作看待人、事、物的普遍架构。理范式的确立内在规定着通达理的方法论,理与理交会,心明而知。理会不仅追求会物之理,而且要求人以理会之。索人工夫而使人进至于理,由此确立了存在论、方法论与工夫论相统一的独特思想品格。

from pre Qin’s ＂Form ＂to Han-Wei’s ＂Body ＂,and then to Song-Ming’s ＂Reason ＂,the paradigm of Chinese thought changed gradually from external form to inner unit material and form. In the pre Qin,reason was regarded as category,and in the Wei-Jin as basis,in the Song-Ming as reason; Reason,which simultaneously is category and basis,includes form and material,and is treated as general framework to approach people,things,and objects. The methodology of reason corresponds to the establishment of reason paradigm. When reason meets reason,knowledge comes into being. Reason asks for one’s cultivation,and requires people to integrate themselves with reason. Ontology,methodology,and the theory of cultivation are merged into one,which constitutes an important feature of Chinese philosophy.