中产阶级意识形态形成的社会历史基础解析

On the Social and Historical Bases of the Forming of the Middle Class Ideology

中产阶级作为推动现代社会转型的重要力量,其关键在于形成自己的阶级意识,即从一个"自发的阶级"变成马克思意义上的"自为阶级"。中产阶级的文化与阶级意识形成于公共领域,英国式的咖啡馆,法国式的沙龙、小酒馆,以及随着印刷机的发明和普及而引发的出版物的广泛传播,构成了中产阶级阶级意识形成的公共领域,从而建构出一个可以向封建贵族权力形成挑战的场所。与此同时,作为时代精神风气之学理反映的近代人文社会科学,构成了中产阶级意识形态最为深厚的土壤和根基。在资产阶级公共领域与启蒙运动的共同作用下,中产阶级的意识形态终于形成,中产阶级也从"自发的阶级"变成"自为的阶级",从而引发政治革命,最终导致了现代社会权力结构的大转型。

It is important for the middle class,an important impetus for modern society transformation,to form its own class consciousness,that is,transforming from a 'spontaneous class'to a 'class for itself'in Marxist sense. The middle class culture and ideology took into shape in public sphere such as English cafes,French salons and bistros,as well as the wide-spread publications along with the invention and popularization of printers,all of which constructed an arena that can challenge the feudal authorities. At the same time,the modern humanities and social sciences as the reflection of zeitgeist provided the richest soil and firmest foundation for middle class ideology. Under the impact of the middle class public sphere and Enlightenment,the middle class ideology finally formed and the middle class was transformed into a 'class for itself 'from a'spontaneous class'. Accordingly,the political revolution was ignited,which caused great transformation of modern social power structure.