关于推理的古典实用主义分析!

The Outline of a Theory of Reasoning in Light of Classical Pragmatism

实践逻辑何以可能,是当代哲学乃至一切理性思考的核心议题。古典实用主义认为,推理并非只是抽象的数学演算而主要是人类生活世界的一部分,但凡合乎逻辑的推理都应该是在合情合理地行事,因而推理本身就是一种有承诺的探究。在成功避开心理主义指责的情况下,古典实用主义推理论可以表述为颇具理论生发性的一组基本观点:(1)推理开始于真实的怀疑;(2)推理以"求真"为目标指向;(3)推理可区分为好坏;(4)推理通过习惯与未来行动相连;(5)实用主义准则代表着以推理明晰观念的一种总方法。

The possibility of practical logic is a core issue in contemporary philosophy and other rational enterprises. According to classical pragmatists,reasoning is more than abstract mathematical calculation; it is part of human life. In general,all logical reasoning is reasonable and reasoning itself should be taken as a committed action or an intentional inquiry. This theory of reasoning offers a better alternative to the approach of informal logic or natural logic to practical reason. This paper gives an outline of a theory of reasoning in light of classical pragmatism,responds to its main challenge and makes some prospects for its philosophical relevance.