从“隐逸”到“入世”——以上海徐园为中心的考察(1883—1919)

From Being Reclusive to Being Secular: A Case Study on Xuyuan Garden in Shanghai( 1883—1919)

1883—1919年间,在近代都市化的快速推进和民主革命日益高涨的过程中,在江南买办商人和文人的推动下,上海徐园经历了从"私家园林"—"公共雅集园"—"商业娱乐园"—"大众准公园"的变迁。这一过程中,上海的买办商人和文人对自身的身份认同也分别经历着从"雅士"到"雅商"再到"绅商"、从"雅士"到"政治文人"的转型,同时,疏离政治的"隐逸"的江南文化传统也在都市空间中逐渐让位于热心社会和政治的"入世"倾向。这一历史现象与近代江南买办商人和文人的身份认同以及江南传统文化在都市空间中的现代转型之间的关联是值得重视和研究的。

With the rapid urbanization and the radical democratic revolution,Shanghai Xuyuan Garden went through a transformation from a private garden to a literati gathering garden,to a commercial amusement park,and then to a quasi-park pushed by Jiangnan( south of Yangtz River) compradors and literati from 1883 to 1919. During this process,Jiangnan compradors transformed from artistic scholars to tasteful merchants,and then to gentry merchants,while Jiangnan literati changed from artistic scholars to political literati. As a result,the reclusive keep-out-of-politics tradition of Jiangnan culture gradually gave its way to the secular keenon-politics trend.