雇佣关系中员工心理契约的形成研究及其管理启示

A Review of the Research on the Formation of Psychological Contract in Employment and Its Managerial Implication

纵观已有的心理契约研究,主要聚焦于心理契约的内容结构、契约违背或破裂等,而关于心理契约的形成、存在载体、动态变化等研究则在近年来逐渐受到关注,并侧重于心理契约形成的内在逻辑架构、影响因素与动态演化三个方面。其中,就内在逻辑研究而言,Rousseau提出的心理图式(Schema)的概念及结构性解释,得到了较广泛认同;就影响因素研究而言,大多数学者认为可分为来自组织和社会环境的外部因素与来自个体的内部因素两类;就动态演化研究而言,可归纳为基于时间观的工作阶段分析、基于信息论的互动反馈分析和基于博弈论的履责策略分析等三大视角。这些研究对组织促进与维护员工的良好心理契约具有的启示在于,应加强组织管理信息规范化,推进员工组织社会化进程;提升关键事件的有效应对,关注变革期的员工心理管理;重视管理层培育,强化领导的示范作用;建立动态监测机制,及时把握与处理员工心理契约的负面信号。

Mainly focusing on the content,structure and break / violation of psychological contract,the existing researches have paid less attention to the formation of psychological contract. In order to strengthen the application value of psychological contract in human resource management,many scholars have suggested attaching great importance to the study on the formation of psychological contract. This paper reviews relative researches from three aspects,that is,psychological schema,influencing factors and dynamic evolution process.It also shows the managerial implications of establishing and maintaining sound psychological contract between employees and organizations.