对自由与必然关系的再考察

Re-discussion of the Relationship between Freedom and Necessity

自由和必然的关系是探讨自由的本质唯一可能的定义,这个问题在我国历来将恩格斯的观点奉为权威,即自由是对必然的认识以及凭借这认识对客观世界的改造,但这种解释仍然有些简单化了。问题的关键在于如何理解客观必然性,应将它视为自由本身所建立起来的必然规律,对此必须借鉴康德、黑格尔和现代的胡塞尔、海德格尔的观点,从自由与自然的本体论关系、自由与理性的认识论关系以及自由与逻辑的方法论关系三个方面作出更加深入的探讨,克服主客对立的传统偏见,真正达到自由和必然的内在同一。

The only way to find the essence of freedom is to discuss the relationship between freedom and necessity,in which China has always considered Engel＇s view authoritative. Engel argues that the freedom is the knowledge of necessity,which is used to transform the objective world. But this explanation is still a little bit simplified. The crux of the problem lies in how to understand the objective necessity and see it as a law set up by freedom itself. So we have to draw lessons from Kant,Hegel,Husserl and Heidegger＇s views,and to make a more in- depth discussion from three aspects,i. e. the ontological relation between freedom and nature,the epistemological relation between freedom and rationality,and the methodological relation between freedom and logic,so as to overcome the traditional prejudice between subject and object,and truly achieve the intrinsic unification between freedom and necessity.