尊理体道:朱熹教育心理思想的逻辑进路

Worshipping and Comprehending the Ethics and Dao: Logical Approach of Zhu Xi Psychological Education

朱熹是南宋时期著名客观唯心主义哲学家、思想家和教育家,在数十年的教育实践过程中,朱熹从"尊理体道"出发,形成了比较独特的教育心理思想,如他认为教育能改变人性、突出"天理",使"人心"服从"道心";在学习心理上,认为学习其实就是"积累"和"贯通"相结合的过程;强调要采用正面引导为主的方式,主张对人的品德心理的培养与训练要从小开始;根据差异心理,他明确提出了"圣贤施教,各因其材"的命题;认为能够使用举一反三、启发诱导等富有心理学意义的教学方法,是教师必备的心理品质等。他的这些学习心理思想、德育心理思想、差异心理思想与教师心理品质等教育心理观念,至今仍然值得我们思考和学习。

Zhu Xi was a famous objective idealist philosopher,thinker and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty. He formed a relatively unique educational psychology ideas based on the Ethics and Dao during the decades of his educational practice. He thought that education could change human nature and outstand the Ethics,making people obey Dao. In the psychological aspects of learning,he thought that Learning actually was a combination process of accumulation emphasized the use of positive guidance- oriented approach and advocated to begin cultivating and training the human moral psychology from childhood. In addition,according to psychological differences,he clearly stated that the sages taught and individuals learned to give proposition. In his opinions,teachers must have an ability to master Psychology Teaching Methods such as learning by analogy and inspired induction. His learning psychological thought,moral psychology ideas,psychological differences,psychological quality of teachers and other psychological concepts of education so far are deserved to be learned and thought.