中西方古代诡辩思想探析

An Analysis of Chinese and Western Sophistic Thought

中西方古代诡辩论都盛行于社会转型、论辩盛行的前逻辑时期,是人类思维发展的必经阶段。其内容大多涉及自然现象和日常生活现象,但中国诡辩论更加关注政治伦理问题,具有极强的政治目的,而西方诡辩论更加关注事物的本质和属性,具有纯理性思维特征;其论证方式都是利用逻辑的抽象性和自然语言的灵活性进行诡辩的,但中国诡辩论侧重于对概念的具体分析,而西方诡辩论更加注重运用推理方式,并形成了固定的推理模式;它们都对逻辑学的产生和发展起着启蒙和促进作用,但西方诡辩论发展成为怀疑论哲学,形成了具有批判精神的思维方式,而中国诡辩论则随着后人的批判而消亡,在哲学史上的影响逐渐趋微。

Sophistry becomes popular with the development of the logic thinking and the transition of the society. As an essential stage in intellectual progress, it mainly concerns the natural phenomena and the daily life of society. Chinese sophistry pays more attention to political ethic, whereas western sophistry focuses on the nature of things. Both of them play a very important role in the formation and development of logistics. While western sophistry has developed into the philosophy of skepticism, Chinese sophistry, with the criti- cism of the later generations, has gradually faded away from Chinese philosophy.