母子关系、师幼关系与学前流动儿童的社会适应行为

The Associations between Mother-child Relationship,Teacher-child Relationship and Social Adaptive Behaviors for Preschool Migrant Children

母子关系和师幼关系是儿童早期发展中最重要的人际关系,在儿童社会适应中扮演着重要的角色。研究以北京市271名学前流动儿童和552名学前城市儿童为被试,采用问卷法考察母子关系、师幼关系与学前流动儿童的社会技能、外显和内隐问题行为之间的关系。结果发现:(1)流动儿童母子关系亲密程度低于城市儿童,母子关系冲突性、师幼关系亲密性和冲突性与城市儿童没有差异;(2)母子关系对儿童社会适应行为的预测作用在流动儿童和城市儿童上没有显著差异,母子关系亲密性正向预测社会技能,负向预测内隐问题行为;母子关系冲突性负向预测社会技能,正向预测外显和内隐问题行为;师幼关系亲密性正向预测城市和流动儿童的社会技能,并且显著负向预测流动儿童的内隐问题行为;(3)师幼关系对母子关系的调节作用主要表现在流动儿童而非城市儿童上,师幼关系低冲突能够减少母子关系冲突性对流动儿童社会技能的负向预测作用,师幼关系高亲密能够减少母子关系冲突性对流动儿童内隐问题行为的正向预测作用。

Mother-child relationship and teacher-child relationship play key roles in children＇s early social adaptation. Based on the data of 271 rural migrant children and 552 urban children in Beijing, the present study investigated the associations between mother-child relationship, teacher-child relationship and preschool migrant children＇s social adaptive behaviors （including social competence, externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors）. The results showed that： （1） Compared to the urban children, migrant children experienced lower level of mother-child closeness, while the two groups had no difference in mother-child conflict, teacher-child closeness and conflict. （2） The association between mother-child relationship and social adaptive behaviors showed no difference between migrant children and urban children. Mother-child closeness and conflict significantly predicted children＇s social competence and problem behaviors; teacher-child closeness was a significant predictor for urban and migrant children＇s social competence, also for migrant children＇s internalizing problem behaviors. （3） Teacher-child relationship showed moderating role in the associations between mother-child relationship and social adaptive behaviors especially for migrant children. Lower teacher-child conflict buffered the negative effects of mother-child conflict on migrant children＇s social competence; higher teacher-child closeness attenuated the negative effects of mother-child conflict on migrant children＇s internalizing problem behaviors