艺术体制及其批判

Institutions of Art and Institutional critique

如何区别一件艺术作品和一件日常物品,成为当代艺术哲学的一个根本问题。而这个问题的回答方式已经由思考"什么是艺术"转换为讨论"是什么使某物被看作是艺术",问题视域的转换就带出了"艺术体制"这一新的理论范畴。艺术体制的框架鼓励人们从围绕某一作品、使其得以生产、传播并接受为艺术的一整套关于艺术的观念、语境与一系列机构、要素和参与单位等构成的空间网络的角度,而非孤立的作品自身来思考问题。阿瑟·丹托和乔治·迪基在分析哲学的路径上,比格尔和布迪厄在批判理论和社会理论的框架内,都对艺术体制问题作出了深刻的阐发。而当体制成为问题核心,理论上的思考与批判,很快与艺术实践上对以美术馆、博物馆为核心的体制机构进行颠覆和反思相结合,体制批判便成为当代艺术理论与行动的突出特征。

One of the main concerns of contemporary art philosophy is to differentiate between an artwork and an ordinary object. To answer this question, we must confront the concept of “ Institutions of Art” and consider the problem of art in a context of art theory and ideas, and in a network of units, institutions and elements involved in the production, dissemination and reception of such things in the name Of art. Theorists like Arthur Danto, George Dickie, Peter Burger and Pierre Bourdi- eu have all contributed to this concept after their own fashion. These theoretical thoughts in art institutions lead to art prac- tices. Critiquing art institutions has become a movement in both the academia and among contemporary artists.