“二我差”:自传中的叙事张力

"The Gap between Two Selves":Narrative Tension in Autobiography

在自传中,经验自我和叙述自我会出现人格及叙述语言的分裂,形成了"二我差"。本文对萨特《文字生涯》、缪塞《一个世纪儿的忏悔》、卢梭《忏悔录》和奥古斯丁《忏悔录》等四部自传中的"二我差"现象进行解读,它们分别形成了推拒式"二我差"、收缩式"二我差"、自然式"二我差"和伪饰式"二我差"四种方式。人物"我"和叙述"我"在同一个文本中出现,形成叙述张力。事后追述的叙述性质、自然时间和叙述时间的时间差、叙述者的特殊职能是自传中"二我差"存在的主要原因。《文字生涯》等四部自传中均出现了"二我差",而回忆相隔时间的长短、叙述者有意的加工等原因使不同自传中的"二我差"的存在方式有所差异。

In an autobiography, a split of personality and narrative language occurs between the experiencing self and the narrating self, resulting in “ The Gap between Two Selves”. This paper unscrambles this phenomenon in Sartre＇s Literary Career and four other autobiographies. There are three main reasons for the existence of this gap in autobiography ： the fea- ture of backward narration, the difference between natural time and narrative time and the special functions of the narrator. “ The Gap between Two Selves” appears in Literary Career and four other autobiographies. The time difference between actu- al events and their memories, the narrator＇s processing and other factors make for different manifestations of “ The Gap be- tween Two Selves” in different autobiographies.