试析知性与鉴赏判断的关联

Reflections on the Relations between the Understanding and the Judgment of Taste

康德在《判断力批判》"美的分析"一卷中主要探讨了"反思判断力",从表面上看,鉴赏判断与概念是格格不入的,但鉴赏判断却与知性存在必要的关联:当主体进行鉴赏判断时,对于那些特殊的、偶然的经验规律而言,知性有某种必然的意图想去统摄,然而却无力统摄,因此知性必须借助反思判断力去完成这个任务。想象力作为一种先天直观的能力把杂多的东西复合起来,知性则具有对判断及它的表象进行规定的能力,这种能力不是凭借概念去完成,而是"鼓动"反思判断力去设定一个先天的原则将那些特殊、偶然的经验设想为合目的性的,这种先天的合目的性使得自然与我们认识能力契合一致,从而让想象力和知性协和运作,同时也发出普遍可传达的愉悦的情感。

Kant mainly talks about “ the power of reflective judgment” in the First Book, “ Analytic of the Beautiful” of Cri- tique of the Power of Judgment. It seems that the judgment of taste is incompatible with the logical conception, whereas the judgment of taste has some important links with the understanding： when someone is to decide whether or not something is beautiful, especially the peculiar or the casual objects, the understanding has some inevitable intention to grasp a regular structure, but it has no faculty to grasp, therefore it has to complete the work by means of the power of reflective judgment. It is apparent that the imagination is to compose the manifold of intuition, and the understanding is to determine the judgment and its representation. It is noteworthy that the faculty of the understanding is not through concept, but is to animate the power of the reflective judgment, which is in accordance with our faculty of cognition and our internal feelings.