城市交通大气污染物与温室气体协同控制效应评价——以乌鲁木齐市为例

Assessment of co-control effects for air pollutants and green house gases in urban transport: A case study in Urumqi

针对乌鲁木齐城市交通领域12项减排措施开展协同控制效应评估,构建空气污染物与温室气体协同减排当量(APeq)指标进行减排效果归一化,识别措施是否具有协同减排效果,并进一步计算单位APeq减排成本,从成本有效性角度对各项减排措施进行排序.研究结果表明,出租车、私家车油改气以及纯电动轿车替代汽油轿车3项措施不具有协同控制效应;而提高尾气排放标准、天然气公交替代柴油公交、提升小客车燃油经济性、油品升级、淘汰黄标车、发展轨道交通、引入快速公交等措施可以实现局地大气污染物与温室气体的协同减排.费用-效果分析表明,提高小客车燃油经济性的单位APeq减排成本最低,具有良好的成本有效性;而发展轨道交通虽然单位APeq减排成本较高,但总体减排效果较好.

In this study, the co-control effects of 12 typical emission reduction measures used in Urumqi urban transport system were analyzed. An Air Pollutant and Greenhouse Gas Equivalence index（APeq） was built to normalize the effects of the emission reduction of the different pollutants. The unit pollutant or greenhouse gas reduction cost（UPRC） was then calculated to rank these measures according to their cost-effectiveness. The results showed that gasoline-to-CNG retrofit program of taxis and personal vehicles and the application of electric cars were unable to achieve co-reduction. On the other hand, improving exhaust emission standards, application of natural gas buses, improving fuel efficiency of passenger cars, upgrading fuel quality, phasing out heavy-polluting vehicles, rail transit and bus rapid transit could simultaneously reduce local air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. The economic analysis indicated that improving the fuel efficiency of passenger cars was the most cost-effective strategy, while rail transit was more expensive than other measures but had promising emission reduction effects.