某医院住院患者医院感染现患率调查

INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE RATE OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

目的了解医院住院患者医院感染现状和高危因素,为加强管理与防控提供参考依据。方法采用横断面调查,结合床旁调查的方法,对某大学附属医院2013年6月20日住院病人医院感染现患率进行了调查与分析。结果调查当日该医院共有住院患者2 061例,实查1 998例,实查率96.94%,发生医院感染193例,医院感染现患率9.66%。医院感染部位居前3位的是下呼吸道感染54.92%,上呼吸道感染8.81%,手术切口感染7.77%。抗菌药物使用率40.19%,以一联用药为主,占79.95%。治疗用药患者病原菌标本送检率为57.58%。检出病原菌居前5位的是铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。使用呼吸机、泌尿道插管、动静脉置管和外周静脉给药是发生医院感染的危险因素。结论该医院住院患者医院感染现患率偏高,插管留置为主要感染危险因素。

Objective To investigate the current status, the risk factors of nosocomial infections , so as to provide basis for further development of nosocomial infection administration and of prevention and control. Methods By means of the cross - sectional survey combined with the bedside investigation, the prevalence rates of the nosocomial infections were investigated for the patients who admitted to the hospital on Jun 20^th ,2013. Results A total of 2061 cases of hospitalized patients were expected to be investigated and 1998 patients were actually investigated with the actual investigation rate was 96.94% ,the nosocomial infections occurred in 193 cases of patients with the prevalence rate of 9.66%. The top 3 infection sites were the lower respiratory tract （54.92%）, the upper respiratory tract （8.81% ） and surgical incision （7.77%）. The utilization rate of antibiotics was 40.19% ,among which the single drug medication （79.95%） were dominant. The submission rate was 57.58%. The top 5 pathogens detected were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii,Escherichia coil, Staphylococcus aureus and KlebsieUa pneumoniae. The main factors including use of ventilator, urinary catheter, central vascular catheter and peripheral intravenous administration increased the risk of nosocomial infections. Conclusion The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection is high. Intubations is the dominant risk factor of nosocomial infection.